Sustainable Futures Through Innovation: Lessons from Global Models and Uzbekistan’s Green Transition.

Abstract

This paper explores the multifaceted dimensions of transitioning to a green economy, emphasizing the essential synergy among innovation, policy frameworks, and sustainable practices. It begins with a conceptual foundation, defining the green economy both globally and in the context of Uzbekistan. The study highlights technological innovations in renewable energy and waste management, backed by examples such as Tesla and biogas systems. It then examines international and local policies, including the Paris Agreement, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Uzbekistan’s “Strategy for the Transition to a Green Economy (2019–2030).” Sector-specific sustainability practices in energy, agriculture, manufacturing, and transport are analyzed, with case studies from Kenya, China, and Brazil, as well as Uzbekistan’s renewable energy projects. The paper also delves into the challenges hindering green transitions—financial constraints, public resistance, and policy fragmentation—while offering actionable recommendations such as fostering innovation ecosystems, strengthening academic partnerships, and deepening international collaboration. It concludes by advocating for an integrated approach where innovation, policy, and sustainability coalesce to build resilient and inclusive green economies.