Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
This article analyzes the diplomatic and military relations between the Sasanian Empire and the Roman and Byzantine Empires from the third to the seventh centuries AD based on historical sources. The study examines the main directions of Sasanian foreign policy, military campaigns, and diplomatic agreements with reference to specific dates. Particular attention is given to the reigns of Shapur I, Shapur II, Khosrow I Anushirvan, and Khosrow II Parviz. The geopolitical significance of Mesopotamia, Armenia, the Caucasus, and Syria is explored, as well as the consequences of competition for control over these regions. The findings help to assess the regional influence of Sasanian foreign policy and its role in the system of late antique international relations.
References
I. Antik (yunon va rim) manbalar
1. Ammianus Marcellinus. Res Gestae. Translated by J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935–1940.
2. Procopius of Caesarea. History of the Wars. Translated by H. B. Dewing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914–1928.
3. Agathias. Histories. Translated by J. D. Frendo. Berlin–New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1975.
4. Lactantius. De Mortibus Persecutorum. Translated by J. L. Creed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
5. Eutropius. Breviarium ab Urbe Condita. Translated by H. W. Bird. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993.
6. Theophylact Simocatta. Historiae. Translated by M. Whitby and M. Whitby. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
II. Arab–islomiy va sharqiy manbalar
1. at-Tabariy, Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Jarir. Tarikh ar-rusul wa-l-muluk (Payg‘ambarlar va podshohlar tarixi). Qohira nashrlari.
2. Dinavariy. Al-Axbar at-Tiwal. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya, 1996.
3. Mas‘udiy. Muruj adh-dhahab wa ma‘adin al-jawhar. Beirut: Dar al-Andalus, 1965.
4. Bal‘amiy. Tarikh-e Tabariy (forscha qayta ishlangan nusxa). Tehron nashrlari.
5. Firdavsiy. Shohnoma. Tehron: Amir Kabir nashriyoti, turli nashrlar.
III. Zamonaviy ilmiy tadqiqotlar (monografiyalar va maqolalar)
1. Christensen, A. L’Iran sous les Sassanides. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1944.
2. Frye, R. N. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck, 1984.
3. Daryaee, T. Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. London–New York: I.B. Tauris, 2009.
4. Howard-Johnston, J. East Rome, Sasanian Persia and the End of Antiquity. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.
5. Greatrex, G., Lieu, S. N. C. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226–363). London–New York: Routledge, 2002.
6. Greatrex, G., Lieu, S. N. C. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 363–630). London–New York: Routledge, 2005.