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Abstract
In the 5th–7th centuries, political rivalry between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian State was a central element of Late Antique Eastern politics. This article analyzes the military and diplomatic relations between Sasanian rulers – Shapur I, Shapur II, Khosrow I Anushervan, and Khosrow II Parviz – and Byzantium, their territorial expansions, and alliances. Based on historical facts from Mesopotamia, Armenia, the Caucasus, and Syria, as well as diplomatic treaties (Nisibis 298, 363, 562), the study illustrates the strategic competition and regional balance between the two empires. The article provides a detailed understanding of Eastern Late Antique political history through the examination of wars, territorial control, and diplomatic agreements.
References
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