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Abstract
Hypertrophic gingivitis is a chronic inflammatory periodontal condition characterized by pathological enlargement of the gingival tissues. The disease is commonly associated with inadequate oral hygiene, accumulation of dental plaque and calculus, hormonal changes, long-term use of certain medications, and systemic diseases. The main clinical manifestations include gingival enlargement, redness or bluish discoloration, bleeding, discomfort, and, in advanced cases, partial coverage of the tooth crowns by enlarged gingival tissue. Early diagnosis and elimination of etiological factors are essential for preventing the progression of periodontal tissue damage. This article discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical forms, diagnostic approaches, and modern principles of treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis. Particular attention is paid to professional oral hygiene, elimination of local irritants, correction of systemic factors, and surgical treatment when indicated.
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