Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Algorithm Based on Ultrasound and Doppler Examination in Thyroid Diseases

Abstract

This thesis discusses the issues of differential diagnosis and the development of a clinical algorithm for thyroid diseases based on ultrasound (US) and Doppler examinations. In modern practice, the TI-RADS system is used to assess the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules. Based on ultrasound and Doppler features, benign and malignant lesions are differentiated. In addition, the ultrasound and Doppler characteristics of diffuse thyroid diseases, including Graves’ disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis, are analyzed. Indications for FNA biopsy, clinical staging, and the diagnostic importance of cervical lymph node assessment are also presented.