FEATURES OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH VENTRICULAR EXTRASYSTOLES

Abstract

Ventricular extrasystoles (VES) are one of the most common forms of cardiac rhythm disorders, and the autonomic regulation of the heart and the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play an important role in their development. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method that makes it possible to assess the functional state of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of HRV parameters in middle-aged patients with VES and their changes depending on concomitant diseases. The study involved 40 patients aged 30–50 years, who were divided into groups according to the presence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and autonomic vascular dysfunction; the control group consisted of practically healthy middle-aged individuals. All participants underwent 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring, and SDNN, rMSSD, and pNN50 parameters were analyzed. The results showed a decrease in HRV parameters in patients with VES compared with the control group. The most pronounced changes were observed in patients with coronary heart disease. In patients with autonomic vascular dysfunction, HRV parameters were higher than in the groups of patients with concomitant diseases, indicating relatively preserved mechanisms of autonomic regulation. The obtained results demonstrate the clinical significance of HRV analysis in assessing changes in autonomic nervous system activity in patients with VES.