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Abstract
This study is devoted to a comprehensive investigation of the technological parameters and economic efficiency of drying fig (Ficus carica L.) fruits under the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is given to local cultivars such as “Sariq Anjir” (Tashkent/Namangan fig), “Qora Anjir,” and the internationally recognized “Kadota” variety. Three drying methods—natural sun drying, artificial convective drying, and combined (hybrid) drying—were comparatively analyzed. Drying kinetics, energy consumption, nutrient retention, and final product quality were selected as the main performance indicators. The results revealed that natural sun drying is the most energy-efficient method; however, it does not ensure consistent microbiological safety and product quality. In contrast, the combined drying method was identified as the most technologically advanced approach, providing optimal texture and color preservation, superior export-oriented quality, and significantly lower energy consumption compared to fully artificial drying methods. From an economic perspective, the “Sariq Anjir” variety demonstrated the highest profitability indicators, generating a net profit of 7.6 million Uzbek soums per ton of product and achieving a profitability rate of 61.3%. The findings suggest that the implementation of combined drying technologies in Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector can substantially reduce post-harvest losses, stimulate the fruit and vegetable processing industry, and enhance the competitiveness of locally produced dried figs in international export markets.
References
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