Abstract
This article analyzes the colonial policy of European states in Southeast Asia during the 16th–20th centuries, the strategic rivalry of Western empires, and its geopolitical dynamics. Based on concrete historical facts, the study highlights the tax, land, and demographic reforms implemented by colonial administrations. The paper reveals the negative and contradictory consequences of the colonial system on the socio-economic life of the region's population, as well as its modern long-term impacts.
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