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Abstract
The article examines current challenges associated with the growing global demand for fuel and energy resources, the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and the negative environmental impacts of conventional energy systems. As one of the promising approaches to addressing these challenges, the possibilities of processing agricultural and hydrocarbon-containing wastes through pyrolysis are analyzed. It has been established that the thermochemical decomposition of biomass results in the formation of biochar, bio-oil, and pyrolysis gas, which possess high energy potential and broad practical application opportunities. Based on the conducted analysis, a technological scheme for biomass processing by pyrolysis has been developed, including the stages of feedstock preparation, drying using solar energy and secondary heat, the pyrolysis process, purification of the obtained products, and their subsequent efficient utilization. The main directions for the application of biochar, bio-oil, and pyrolysis gas in the energy sector, chemical industry, and agriculture are presented. The proposed technological scheme makes it possible to effectively utilize the energy potential of biomass, reduce waste volumes, improve the efficiency of renewable energy resource utilization, and enhance the environmental performance of energy systems.
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